Astronomers Find 90% More Universe!

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

Astronomers have long known that many surveys of distant galaxies miss 90% of their targets, but they didn’t know why. Now, astronomers have determined that a large fraction of galaxies whose light took 10 billion years to reach us have gone undiscovered. This was found with an extremely deep survey using two of the four giant 8.2-meter telescopes that make up ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and a unique custom-built filter. The survey also helped uncover some of the faintest galaxies ever found at this early stage of the Universe.

Astronomers frequently use the strong, characteristic “fingerprint” of light emitted by hydrogen known as the Lyman-alpha line, to probe the amount of stars formed in the very distant Universe Yet there have long been suspicions that many distant galaxies go unnoticed in these surveys. A new VLT survey demonstrates for the first time that this is exactly what is happening. Most of the Lyman-alpha light is trapped within the galaxy that emits it, and 90% of galaxies do not show up in Lyman-alpha surveys.

“Astronomers always knew they were missing some fraction of the galaxies in Lyman-alpha surveys,” explains Matthew Hayes, the lead author of the paper, published this week in Nature, “but for the first time we now have a measurement. The number of missed galaxies is substantial.”

To figure out how much of the total luminosity was missed, Hayes and his team used the FORS camera at the VLT and a custom-built narrowband filter to measure this Lyman-alpha light, following the methodology of standard Lyman-alpha surveys. Then, using the new HAWK-I camera, attached to another VLT Unit Telescope, they surveyed the same area of space for light emitted at a different wavelength, also by glowing hydrogen, and known as the H-alpha line. They specifically looked at galaxies whose light has been traveling for 10 billion years (redshift 2.2), in a well-studied area of the sky, known as the GOODS-South field.

“This is the first time we have observed a patch of the sky so deeply in light coming from hydrogen at these two very specific wavelengths, and this proved crucial,” said team member Goran Ostlin. The survey was extremely deep, and uncovered some of the faintest galaxies known at this early epoch in the life of the Universe. The astronomers could thereby conclude that traditional surveys done using Lyman-alpha only see a tiny part of the total light that is produced, since most of the Lyman-alpha photons are destroyed by interaction with the interstellar clouds of gas and dust. This effect is dramatically more significant for Lyman-alpha than for H-alpha light. As a result, many galaxies, a proportion as high as 90%, go unseen by these surveys. “If there are ten galaxies seen, there could be a hundred there,” Hayes said.

Different observational methods, targeting the light emitted at different wavelengths, will always lead to a view of the Universe that is only partially complete. The results of this survey issue a stark warning for cosmologists, as the strong Lyman-alpha signature becomes increasingly relied upon in examining the very first galaxies to form in the history of the Universe. “Now that we know how much light we’ve been missing, we can start to create far more accurate representations of the cosmos, understanding better how quickly stars have formed at different times in the life of the Universe,” said co-author Miguel Mas-Hesse.

The breakthrough was made possible thanks to the unique camera used. HAWK-I, which saw first light in 2007, is a state-of-the-art instrument. “There are only a few other cameras with a wider field of view than HAWK-I, and they are on telescopes less than half the size of the VLT. So only VLT/HAWK-I, really, is capable of efficiently finding galaxies this faint at these distances,” said team member Daniel Schaerer.

(Source: ESO)

Catfish tropical species to save more than forecast

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

Published in the journal Nature, a British study shows that in communities catfish apparently identical rivers of tropical America, is hiding in various species. It highlights the mimicry, but also the fragile biodiversity in these species face the pressures of human activities in the region. In each river in South America where it was thought out a certain species of catfish of the genus Corydoras, in fact hides a large number of different species of this group have adopted during evolution , shapes and colors the same, finding there may be a mutual benefit. This was discovered by researchers at the University of Bangor (Wales). Biodiversity unexpected challenge that needs preservation measures, these fish have different needs, despite their striking resemblance. « Although these fish are apparently identical, our in-depth assessments of their genetic relationships, their diet, their morphology and colors, revealed that 92% of the communities we sampled include species that do not compete for resources, « said Markos Alexandrou, PhD student at the university. « In addition to biodiversity and little known interesting evolutionary system revealed by this study, this reinforces the urgent need to conserve and manage ecosystems in South America to avoid the loss of several species on the verge of being discovered and described « Complete Claudio Oliveira, the Brazilian agency .

Les poissons-chats tropicaux plus d’espèces à sauvegarder que prévu!

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

Publiée dans la revue Nature, une étude britannique montre que dans les communautés de poissons-chats apparemment identiques des rivières d’Amérique tropicale, se cachent en fait diverses espèces. Elle met en lumière le mimétisme, mais aussi  la fragile biodiversité au sein de ces espèces, face aux pressions des activités humaines dans la région.

Dans chaque cours d’eau sud-américain où l’on croyait observer telle ou telle espèce de poisson-chat du genre Corydoras,  se cache en fait un grand nombre d’espèces différentes de ce groupe ayant adopté, au cours de l’évolution, des formes et des couleurs identiques, y trouvant sans doute un bénéfice mutuel. C’est ce qu’ont découvert des chercheurs de l’Université de Bangor (Pays de Galles). Une biodiversité inattendue, qui challenge les besoins en mesures de préservation, ces poissons n’ayant pas les mêmes besoins, en dépit de leur étonnante ressemblance.

« Bien que ces poissons soient apparemment identiques, nos évaluations en profondeur de leurs relations génétiques, de leur régime alimentaire, de leur morphologie et de leurs couleurs, ont révélé que 92 % des communautés que nous avons échantillonnées comprennent des espèces qui ne rivalisent pas pour les ressources », explique Markos Alexandrou, doctorant à l’université.

« En marge de la biodiversité méconnue et de l’intéressant système évolutif révélé par cette étude, ceci renforce le besoin urgent de préserver et de gérer les écosystèmes sud-américains pour éviter la perte de plusieurs espèces sur le point d’être découvertes et décrites », complète Claudio Oliveira, de l’organisme brésilien UNESP

First Observational Evidence Other Universes?

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

In the realm of far out ideas in science, the notion of a multiverse is one of the stranger ones. Astronomers and physicists have considered the possibility that our universe may be one of many. The implications of this are somewhat more fuzzy. Nothing in physics prevents the possibilities of outside universes, but neither has it helped to constrain them, leaving scientists free to talk of branes and bubbles. Many of these ideas have been considered untestable, but a paper uploaded to arXiv last month considers the effects of two universes colliding and searches for fingerprints of such a collision of our own universe. Surprisingly, the team reports that they may have detected not one, but four collisional imprints.

The team, led by Stephen Feeney at the University College London, considered a collision between bubble universes. They conducted a simulation based on a formulation of Einstein’s field equation, known as de Sitter space. This solution to Einstein’s equations is essentially a description of how space itself behaves. From interactions between such spaces, they determined a set of observable effects visible in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Among them, they required that signals have azimuthal symmetry or are mirrored on both sides of the sky. Secondly, the signals should be circular in shape.

Searching the WMAP archives, the team found numerous possible signals, but eventually narrowed it town to four strong candidates.

The authors of the paper are quick to caution that these results are only consistent with the predictions of bubble universes but do not rule out other causes, or even simple blind luck from a large enough data set. To rule out other scenarios, astronomers will need to rely on instruments with higher sensitivity, such as the Planck satellite, launched in 2009, which working on completing a second scan of the entire sky with three times the sensitivity of WMAP.

If these results are confirmed, it would be support for a variation of cosmology known as “eternal inflation”. The title is somewhat misleading as the hypothesis doesn’t describe a single instance of inflation that continues eternally, but rather an eternal time period in which events of inflation, triggered by bubble collisions, can take place. Such collisions cause the rapid expansion of spaces forming universes like our own. Conversely, if a bubble is not found, “the conclusive non-detection of a bubble collision can be used to place constraints on theories giving rise to eternal inflation; however, if a bubble collision is verified by future data, then we will gain an insight not only into our own universe but a multiverse beyond.”

(Source:University College of London)

Premières preuves d’observation d’autres univers…à part notre univers connu?

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

Dans le domaine de la mesure des idées de la science, la notion de multivers est l’un des plus étrange. Les astronomes et les physiciens ont envisagé la possibilité que notre univers peut être l’un des nombreux. Les implications de ceçi sont un peu plus floues. Rien dans la physique n’empêche les possibilités d’univers extérieurs, mais il n’a pas non plus aidé à imposer des  contraintes, laissant les scientifiques libres de parler de branes et des bulles. Beaucoup de ces idées ont été considérées comme non vérifiables, mais d’un document transféré à arXiv le mois dernier considère les effets de la collision de deux univers et les recherches d’empreintes digitales d’une telle collision avec  notre propre univers. De façon surprenante, les rapports d’équipe qu’ils ont détecté ont donné non pas  un, mais quatre empreintes de collision.

L’équipe, dirigée par Stephen Feeney au University College de Londres, considéré comme une collision entre des univers bulle. Ils ont effectué une simulation basée sur une formulation de l’équation de champ d’Einstein, connu sous le nom de Sitter espace. Cette solution des équations d’Einstein est essentiellement une description de la façon dont se comporte l’espace lui-même. De telles interactions entre les espaces, ils ont déterminé un ensemble d’effets observables visible dans le fond diffus cosmologique (CMB). Parmi eux, dont ils avaient besoin que les signaux ont une symétrie azimutale ou sont en miroir des deux côtés du ciel. Deuxièmement, les signaux doivent être de forme circulaire.

Recherche dans les archives WMAP, l’équipe a trouvé de nombreux signaux possibles, mais finalement il réduit la ville à quatre candidats sérieux.

Les auteurs du document sont rapides à mettre en garde que ces résultats ne sont compatibles avec les prédictions des univers bulle, mais n’excluent pas d’autres causes, ou même simple hasard aveugle à partir d’un ensemble de données assez grand. Pour écarter d’autres scénarios, les astronomes devront s’appuyer sur des instruments avec une sensibilité plus élevée, tels que le satellite Planck, lancé en 2009, qui travaille sur l’achèvement d’une seconde analyse de l’ensemble du ciel avec trois fois la sensibilité de WMAP.

Si ces résultats sont confirmés, ce serait un soutien pour une variation de la cosmologie connu comme « l’inflation éternelle ». Le titre est quelque peu trompeur que l’hypothèse ne décrit pas une seule instance de l’inflation qui continue éternellement, mais plutôt une période de temps éternel dans lequel les événements de l’inflation, provoquée par les collisions de bulle, peut avoir lieu. De telles collisions cause de l’expansion rapide des espaces formant univers comme le nôtre. Inversement, si une bulle n’est pas trouvé, « la non-concluante détection d’une collision bulle peut être utilisé pour placer des contraintes sur les théories à l’origine de l’inflation éternelle, mais, si une collision bulle est vérifié par des données avenir, nous allons acquérir une aperçu non seulement sur notre propre univers, mais un «multivers» au-delà…du nôtre,loin dans l’espace…!

(Source: University College of London)

Why Hawaii Gov. Neil Abercrombie is taking on anti-Obama ‘birthers’

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire
A Hawaii,le gouverneur Neil Abercrombie donne sa première conférence de presse en tant que gouverneur, le 6 décembre à Honolulu. Il dit maintenant qu'il prend au sérieux les revendications des «birthers».

It’s the rumor that won’t go away, despite multiple investigations by fact-checking groups that declare it bogus: the claim that President Obama was not born in the US, and is therefore ineligible to be president.

Now, it’s surfacing in the news yet again, this time thanks to the newly elected governor of Hawaii, Neil Abercrombie, who says he wants to end the debate once and for all.

His idea: Change state policy so that he can release additional proof (perhaps the « long form » birth certificate that so-called « birthers » have been requesting, which is not a public record in Hawaii) that Obama was born in Honolulu, and not in Kenya as conspiracy theorists claim.

The trouble is, the facts are out there already, and they haven’t succeeded in quelling the certainty of those determined not to believe them. In addition to the « certificate of live birth » released by the Obama campaign when the rumors first started circulating – which groups like factcheck.org have concluded is authentic – there were two separate birth announcements in local papers at the time (Aug. 4, 1961).

The birther claims are mostly confined to a relatively small group on the fringe, but state legislators in a handful of states have also introduced legislation requiring political candidates to show their official birth certificate – an effort clearly targeting Obama.

And Hawaii’s health department at one point was so besieged by birther requests to see Obama’s birth certificate that former Gov. Linda Lingle (R) signed a law earlier this year allowing it to ignore them.

Governor Abercrombie is not acting at the request of the White House, whose official policy for some time has been to ignore the rumors rather than engage with what it sees as a bunch of conspiracy theorists.

On CNN yesterday. Abercrombie acknowledged that more documentation may not satisfy the birthers, but said he was acting because of his personal disgust with the claims and the fact that he knew Obama’s parents back in college when Obama was born and is deeply offended at claims he knows to be false.

« It’s a matter of principle with me. I knew his mom and dad. I was here when he was born. Anybody who wants to ask a question honestly could have had their answer already, » he told CNN.

Still, it’s very likely the governor’s efforts will be poorly received by the White House, since they may just serve to put the rumors back in the news once again. And at least a few commentators have a more cynical take on Abercrombie’s actions, suggesting that he’s trying to push an image of Obama as victim of « right-wing zealots. »

 

Pourquoi le gouverneur Neil Abercrombie d’Hawaii est-il contre le dossier de la naissance « officielle » de Barak Obama

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Un commentaire
A Hawaii,le gouverneur Neil Abercrombie donne sa première conférence de presse en tant que gouverneur, le 6 décembre à Honolulu. Il dit maintenant qu’il prend au sérieux les revendications des «birthers».

Cette rumeur-là ne va pas disparaître: en dépit de multiples enquêtes par groupes de vérification des faits que la déclarer fausse: l’affirmation selon laquelle le président Obama n’est pas né aux États-Unis, et n’est donc admissible à être président.

Maintenant, il est de retour dans les nouvelles encore une fois, cette fois grâce au gouverneur nouvellement élu de Hawaii, Neil Abercrombie, qui dit qu’il veut mettre fin au débat une fois pour toutes.

Son idée: le changement politique de l’Etat afin qu’il puisse libérer une preuve supplémentaire (peut-être le certificat de « forme longue » naissance que les  soi-disant « birthers » ont demandé,…et qui n’est pas un document public à Hawaii) que Barack Obama est né à Honolulu, et pas au Kenya que les théoriciens du complot avancent.

Le problème, c’est que les faits sont là-bas déjà, et ils n’ont pas réussi à réprimer la certitude de ceux qui sont déterminés à ne pas les croire. En plus de l ‘ »attestation de naissance vivante » publié par la campagne d’Obama quand les premières rumeurs ont commencé à circuler – quels sont les groupes comme factcheck.org ont conclu est authentique -, il y avait deux annonces distinctes naissance dans les journaux locaux à l’époque (le 4 août, 1961).

Les revendications birther se limitent principalement à un groupe relativement faible sur la frange, mais les législateurs d’État dans une poignée d’Etats ont également adopté une législation exigeant que les candidats politiques pour montrer leur certificat de naissance officiel – un effort visant clairement Obama.

Et ministère de la Santé d’Hawaï à un moment donné était si assiégée par les demandes des birthers  à voir le certificat de naissance d’Obama que l’ancien gouverneur Linda Lingle (R) a signé une loi plus tôt cette année qui lui permet de les ignorer.

Gouverneur Abercrombie n’agit pas à la demande de la Maison Blanche, dont la politique officielle pendant un certain temps a été d’ignorer les rumeurs plutôt que de s’engager avec ce qu’il voit comme une bande de théoriciens de la conspiration.

Sur CNN, hier, Abercrombie a reconnu que plus de documentations peuvent ne pas satisfaire les birthers, mais a dit qu’il a agi en raison de son dégoût personnel avec les revendications et le fait qu’il savait parents de Barack Obama  étaient de retour au collège, quand Barack Obama est né et est profondément offensé par les prétentions qu’il sait être fausses.

«C’est une question de principe avec moi. Je savais  au sujet de sa mère et son père. J’étais ici quand il est né. Quiconque veut poser une question honnêtement aurait pu avoir leur réponse déjà, at-il déclaré à CNN.

Pourtant, il est très probable que les  efforts du gouverneur seront mal perçue par la Maison Blanche, car ils peuvent tout simplement servir à mettre les rumeurs à la une des nouvelles une fois de plus. Et au moins un certain nombre de commentateurs ont une vision plus cynique sur les actions d’Abercrombie, suggérant qu’il essaie de pousser une image d’Obama en tant que victime de «fanatiques d’extrême droite. »

WikiLeaks cable reveals how a Brazilian ‘terrorist’ got a US visa last year

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

WikiLeaks on Tuesday released a secret cable that reveals how a Brazilian ‘terrorist’ got a US visa last year. But the question remains: Did the move amount to a policy change by the Obama administration?

US President Barack Obama seen after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo City Hall Dec. 10, 2009. Some speculated that the Obama administration had relaxed US policy by issuing a visa to a Brazilian who, while a member of a student radical group, had held former US Ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick hostage for four days in 1969. The visa issuing occurred at the same time the media was talking about the Nobel Prize awarded to President Obama.

Santiago, ChileA Brazilian who helped kidnap the US ambassador to his country in 1969 should never have receive a tourist visa from the State Department last year, according to a US diplomatic cable posted yesterday by Wikileaks.

After the US consulate pasted the precious visa into former student radical Paulo de Tarso Venceslau’s passport, but before it returned the passport to him, officials realized what had happened. A top diplomat wrote to Washington asking whether it would be best to let him slide « in light of the distance from the crime, the circumstances under which it took place, and our desire for a forward-looking relationship. »

The US had long considered Mr. Venceslau a terrorist for holding former US Ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick hostage for four days in 1969 along with a group of radical students that included current Brazilian congressman Fernando Gabeira and Franklin Martins (a minister for President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva). The group, known as Revolutionary Movement 8th October (MR-8), demanded the release of 15 political prisoners held by the Brazilian military dictatorship. It worked.

The newly released WikiLeaks cable is the first indication of why Venceslau was approved for a visa last year after having been turned down three times previously for having terrorist affiliations.

Did Obama really change policy?

Once approved, Venceslau went to the press and suggested that President Obama – who had recently won the Nobel Peace Prize – had made a policy change.

« Will these be new times? Did Obama really change things? » he said to newspaper O Globo.

Venceslau wasn’t the only one to speculate that Obama’s administration had relaxed US policy by issuing the visa. Opponents of the US leader took to the Internet to denounce the administration for being soft on terror.

On the website Brazzilmag.com, some readers called the move « revolting, » the result of dependence on Brazilian oil exports, and an example of Obama’s communism.

Initial visa approval not a policy change

If the WikiLeaks cable is both genuine and complete, the initial visa approval wasn’t a policy change at all.

According to the cable, Venceslau didn’t mention any past arrests or convictions on his visa application, and he told the consul general in São Paulo that Brazilian law doesn’t require people to include political crimes when declaring their criminal record. The consulate checked his name and it came up clean, according to the cable.

Once Venceslau went to the press after he got the visa, Charge d’ Affaires Lisa Kubiske wrote: « Cancellation of the visa, which would be the standard course of action, will likely lead to significant and negative reaction in the Brazilian media at a time when both official Brazilians and the public are considering new possibilities for US-Brazil relations. »

But Ms. Kubiske didn’t blithely advocate for Venceslau, either.

« Issuance of a visa … might have implications for broader US policy and messaging on terrorism. »

She said the minimum the US would accept in return for the visa would be « a public repudiation of the crime and of kidnapping as a tactic. »

A spokeswoman at the US consulate in São Paulo wasn’t immediately available to comment.

While the initial visa acceptance may have been an error, the follow-up shows that diplomats wanted to take advantage of Obama’s popularity after he won the Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, the effort to foment good will may have been for naught.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who leaves office this weekend, said this week he has been disappointed by how much Obama’s policies in Latin America resemble those of earlier US presidents.

« Relations have changed little » between the US and Latin America, Lula said this week. « The reality is they didn’t change at all. That makes me sad. »

Un Câble Wikileaks révèle comment un «terroriste brésillien» a obtenu un visa des États-Unis l’an dernier

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

Wikileaks a publié mardi un câble secret qui révèle comment un Brésilien «terroriste» a obtenu un visa des États-Unis l’an dernier. Mais la question demeure: Est-ce  qu’un mouvement de   changement  politique aurait touché l’administration Obama?

Le président américain Barack Obama vu après avoir accepté le prix Nobel à Oslo City Hall 10 décembre, 2009. Certains ont spéculé que l’administration Obama a assoupli la politique américaine en délivrant un visa à un Brésilien qui, tout membre d’un groupe d’étudiants radicaux, avait eu lieu l’ancien ambassadeur américain Charles Burke Elbrick en otage pendant quatre jours en 1969. La délivrance des visas eu lieu en même temps les médias parlais du prix Nobel décerné au président Obama.

Santiago, Chili
Un Brésilien qui a aidé à kidnapper l’ambassadeur américain à son pays en 1969 ne devrait jamais avoir reçu un visa touristique auprès du Département d’Etat l’année dernière, selon un américain du câble diplomatique envoyé hier par Wikileaks.

Après le consulat américain collé le visa précieux en ancien élève passeport radical Paulo de Tarso Venceslau, mais, avant de retourner le passeport à lui, les fonctionnaires réalisé ce qui s’était passé. Un haut diplomate a écrit à Washington en demandant s’il serait mieux de le laisser « passer »…en cachant  les circonstances dans lesquelles elle a eu lieu, et ainsi garder notre objectif  d’une relation de nature prospective. »

Les États-Unis ont  longtemps  considéré comme un terroriste M. Venceslau pour l’enlèvement  de l’ancien ambassadeur américain Charles Burke Elbrick en otage pendant quatre jours en 1969 avec un groupe d’étudiants radicaux qui comprenait un membre actuel du Congrès brésilien Fernando Gabeira et Martins Franklin (un ministre pour le président Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva). Le groupe, connu sous le nom Mouvement révolutionnaire du 8 Octobre (MR-8), a exigé la libération de 15 prisonniers politiques détenus par la dictature militaire brésilienne.

Le câble nouvellement libérés Wikileaks est la première indication des raisons pour lesquelles Venceslau a été approuvé pour un visa de l’an dernier après avoir été refusé trois fois auparavant pour avoir des affiliations terroristes.

Obama at-il vraiment changer la politique?
Une fois approuvé, Venceslau allés à la presse et a suggéré que le président Obama – qui a récemment remporté le Prix Nobel de la paix – avait fait un changement de politique.

« Seront-elles une nouvelle époque? Avez-Obama vraiment changer les choses? » at-il dit au journal O Globo.

Venceslau n’était pas le seul à spéculer que l’administration Obama a assoupli la politique des États-Unis par la délivrance du visa. Les opposants au président américain a pris à l’Internet pour dénoncer l’administration pour être laxiste face au terrorisme.

Sur le site Brazzilmag.com, certains lecteurs qualifié cette décision de « révoltante », le résultat de la dépendance sur les exportations de pétrole du Brésil, et un exemple du communisme Obama.

l’approbation du visa initial n’est pas un changement de politique
Si le câble Wikileaks est à la fois réelle et complète, l’approbation initiale de visa n’a pas été un changement de politique à tous.

Selon le câble, Venceslau n’a pas mentionné les arrestations ou condamnations passées sur sa demande de visa, et il a dit au consul général à São Paulo que la loi brésilienne ne pas les gens à commettre des crimes politiques lors de la déclaration de leur casier judiciaire. Le consulat a vérifié son nom et il est venu propre, en fonction du câble.

Une fois Venceslau allés à la presse après avoir obtenu le visa, La chargé d ‘Affaires Lisa Kubiske a écrit: «L’annulation du visa, qui serait la norme de l’action, mènera probablement à une réaction significative et négative dans les médias brésiliens à un moment lorsque les Brésiliens officiels et le public envisagent de nouvelles possibilités pour les relations américano-brésilienne.  »

Mais Mme Kubiske n’a pas allègrement plaider pour Venceslau, soit.

«La délivrance d’un visa … pourrait avoir des implications pour la politique américaine plus large eainsi que le message lancé sur le terrorisme. »

Elle a dit que le minimum aux États-Unis acceptent en retour pour le visa serait « un désaveu public de la criminalité et de l’enlèvement en tant que tactique. »

Une porte-parole du consulat américain à São Paulo n’était pas immédiatement disponible pour commenter.

Bien que l’acceptation initiale de visa peut-être été une erreur, le suivi montre que les diplomates ont voulu profiter de la popularité d’Obama après qu’il ait remporté le prix Nobel. Malheureusement, les efforts visant à fomenter la bonne volonté peut-être pour rien.

Le président brésilien Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, qui quitte ses fonctions ce week-end, a déclaré cette semaine qu’il a été déçu par le genre  de politique qu’Obama mène en Amérique latine  .

«Les relations ont peu changé» entre les États-Unis et en Amérique latine, A déclaré  Lula,cette semaine. «La réalité est qu’ils n’ont pas changé du tout. Ça me rend triste. »

Past,present and future of the « society of humans »

~ Michel Duchaine ~ Laisser un commentaire

LOOK AT THE PAST

It is modeled on the past, we can build the future …

The Neolithic hunters, gatherers and nomads have become pastors, they built villages and acquired the concept of ownership. With the notion of ownership, was born the concept of force: « homeland defense ». Conquer, catch and keep …

At the time Taurus, people became homeowners and warriors. As they spent their time fighting, they were no longer working. So they took the slaves who did the work. It should be remembered that the American Indians had no sense of ownership. They said: « The Earth is our mother, she feeds us, and we do not cut his mother to pieces. » At that time, everything belonged to everyone … When the whites went there, with their mentality, they asked: « Whose is this land? » The native replied: « A person ». The whites said « Oh!?, Then it is our …!». And you know the rest … It brought home the misery, they did not know.

In the subsequent evolution, we brought the horse, beef, and about 1875, the steam engine, telegraph etc.. Since then, growth is such that one becomes more and more powerful. But what about this constructive power in the human, social, ecological, global? We do not yet understand much about the art of controlling our powers …

In cultural terms:

People left the countryside to move to the cities. The peasants worked in factories. They had the right to education, to learn to read and write. Just middle school. Soon there were too many workers and too many students. So we increased the tuition because it is better for young people in school, rather than the street. Soon there were too many students. In universities, it makes the selection much more severe. They increased the amount of material to study (not to give better training, but to regulate the selection). Farming has declined sharply, stocks are destroyed to keep prices and give a subsidy to farmers to live decently.

The organization of working time:

In the last century, a work day lasted 12 or 13 hours a week for eight days were 85 to 90 hours .. Now the day is eight hours and the 40 hour week. Some companies give 6 hours days. Then we proposed the ¼ time, part-time … The evolution of our time offers no other alternative than having to reduce working time. This situation causes panic. For centuries, the work was the reason for being. They equated their personality to their activities and pay month-end was a source of pride and security.

Work = exist, seem, can compare themselves to others and be in permanent competition with its environment in a horrible feeling « of the fittest » which means « well-enforced cannibalism » The stronger eat the weaker and so on until only one remains … As said the famous sentence: « … And if there’s only one left, I’d be one!  »

We’re so focused on « work » as an essential of life, in our mind, any man who does not work is considered a slacker, a profiteer, a useless parasite of society, or a bad citizen as someone with psychological disorders … Work has become essential to the individual in social terms, mental and physical.

Man is the only animal that can not find everything he needs in his natural environment. The man lies on his natural rights: « The survival of the fittest, » « defeat to live etc. … « With this rule we get nowhere. The men eat them, not wolves! When one wants to demolish another man, not a bad conscience, one is convinced at first that it is not worth living, and it creates a sub-human, ie that this man has the right to be destroyed because it is not really a man. Racism, Nazism is here! except that the Nazis were racist even in the same skin color. For many years it has caused the enslavement of more freedom for the privileged few.

There is a serious mistake in the idea of productivity:

It said: « The more we produce, the more there is work … « Not true! The opposite happens … Modern technology, robotics and computer produce a lot while reporting much more. This should allow men to have more free time and even get paid to do nothing (unemployment benefits, etc.). Some companies retain workers paid to do nothing … to maintain the illusion! In fact, the company has less need of human labor to fill its needs. This means positively, that we are liberating themselves from the bondage of work, as at the time of Eden, before the punishment of God « You shall work by the sweat of your brow … « This punishment is about to be lifted … Alas, men appear in the streets to maintain … It is from the golden age, but obviously there are still many problems to solve in our society.

Today, we come to absurd conclusions like this:

– Since we have fewer and fewer workers – there are too many unemployed!

– Since the purchasing power decreases! – Too minimex

– That the state has less money! – Whether the economy slows down!

– What businesses go wrong! – That there is overcrowding!

– That there are too many foreigners …

– That there are too many pensioners (pension reduction = less consumer …)

– We will no longer be able to feed everyone! So foreigners at the door …!

It’s a joke! It happens so that each year we must destroy the surplus to maintain prices. Supermarkets are destroying, day after day of huge amounts of food still good for consumption … There is a monumental waste to keep prices! There was plenty of food for everyone!

Capitalism = produce more than you invested.

This idea is wrong. It goes against the principle of conservation. To do so, we must cheat. Or you do not pay someone, or we sell the wind. We will sell anything more expensive than its actual value = profit, so a continuing obligation to cheat. We will make objects of lesser quality, to speed performance. Therefore produce more and break more to produce more …

We must find the slaves who work very cheap. So we take the foreign labor and we’ll do more work … Now, we are trapped because the industries produce in quantity of products that nobody can buy because: less work = less money = less shopping. As this situation occurs at almost all countries, exporting is not profitable. We turn in circles …

Example of speculative system:

We will buy roasted coffee or not, at very low prices in Colombia. This cafe is on site, but speculators are in London. They sell the coffee, for that they will be spread rumors, like: « The harvest was bad, too much rain, could be a shortage of coffee etc … » to make prices rocket. This same coffee will be repurchased and resold several times, each time with a profit. In Colombia, people are suffering … This technique, stock market, is practiced with everything the same way!

Another example:

A plant with a production value of six million, is interesting for its products. Some manipulators are « a rumor overrated » about this plant. The shares become more valuable. In exchange, there buy / sell, still buy / sell always at a profit … The plant has not grown an inch, it has not changed, it remained the same … The ultimate purchaser « pigeon » comes to account, it creates a crash and some have lost everything … They are ruined and some fail at suicide! And we continue this system cannibal … One loses his life trying to win it!

What then of our overproduction?

We create advertising that will create the need … So instead of building things that serve human needs, we will manipulate humans for their needs correspond to things built! In short: the trick is to buy unnecessary things while pretending that it is essential to our needs!

In fact what the money:

Money is nothing more than fuel. It errs on the concept of money. Money should be a genuine exchange value! Gold instead of a concrete value, it is speculative! We must demystify money: you can not link money to work.

Initially the money was a means of barter and currency market, and blocks of gold traded … Then, pieces were struck with a figure. Rulers struck their currencies to their effigies or their weapons (blasons.) Then came the confusion between power and money and we’re left more …

At the French Revolution, began to run out of gold. The Lombards, the Templars and the Jews, created the promissory note.

For security reasons, people left their gold to guard the banks and bankers soon realized that the height of these stocks will never diminish. So they had the idea of vicious people start paying … They created a fictitious promissory note is a good match to claim the gold stored. Soon, it was created more than promissory notes that there was gold stored …

Example: A bar of gold bullion for the photo = = move to the photo of the ingot to retrieve the ingot. One day a wise guy said, « because I have a picture, I make photocopies …

The phenomenon of unemployment:

So the full-time work is not really possible. The part-time work, does not really the same benefits. If we reduce working hours by reducing the salary, we can use our free time to do something else …

Purchasing power and sense of security decreases. We can not count the number of bankruptcies … and in case of bankruptcy, the taxes are not paid, social security is not paid, so that will have to repay, Everybody …

So to summarize: fewer and fewer people work and the few people who still work have to pay more tax …

Throughout history, there have been long periods of unemployment. In general, the problem was solved by war. It destroyed everything, rebuilt and there is work for the survivors. We know the definition of war: « War is made by those who do not know why they had made, organized by those who did not do it, but know very well why …  »

40/45 War has removed the equivalent number of the unemployed before the war. What are the major economic powers at the moment: the losers of the last war: Germany and Japan!

History has proved that it was not really a solution. We must find something else. It’s stupid to tear down what has always taken time and energy to build. We are busy making the same mistakes, and we prepare the Third World War …

The Gulf: Too much oil we consume too little, where falling prices …

As the Iraqis and Iranians beat their top, it suits well the global economy, because thanks to this, oil production is not excessive. In addition, because there is too much oil is flowing in a few. As is reimbursed by insurance (ie us) This suits many people.

The major powers provided arms and we also … Israel and also supplies weapons to both sides …

Now, what are the wages of workers? :

Is removed from the gross salary, 50% of charges and taxes that pay for the unemployed, politicians, pensions, jobs « created. »

The robot is cool, but they do not pay taxes. The boss found there, but there is no redistribution of taxes … Therefore, the state must compensate by drawing all kinds compensatory allowances …

This system is not sustainable because there will not be enough workers to pay for it. Thus, public debt increases.

At what point did we lose our freedom?

From the introduction of the current banking system. Very practical, very clever … for whom? Banks have each of us.

Banks finance wars: How the heads of state could they provide if not in arms? Every major war, men were killed by weapons financed by their own country sometimes … Who benefits from wars?

Banks lend: For countries with difficulties. These indebted countries do what they want. They must give cons in part, a mining right on their products, their agricultural resources and so on.

Credits: Credit cards: The permanent temptation! The headlong rush into the fog! They are made to prolong the illusion … While holding people in prison mental, moral … It’s a vicious circle!

We are all indebted and live in anguish of not knowing repay and losing what little they had acquired on credit. Banks lend at usurious rates and spend his life to pay. The higher interest costs of all kinds are being added each month to repay more happens. After years, it has already returned three or four times the amount borrowed …

All this power struggle to fund our ambitions, we are so concerned that no longer reflects … We no longer know how to break a cycle. Our external signs of wealth, our desires seem to have the same thing the neighbor, we pay dearly!

     We are prisoners of the system and are weighed down under its weight.

Those who do not adhere to the system are rapidly eliminated in one way as another. In America, some great presidents have wanted to change things … They were all murdered. Whenever a « president », where a « leader » does not adhere to any requirements made of occult powers, it is « broken » by scandals or murders. (Lincoln, Kennedie etc..) Same here, if a minister wanted to stop the system « usury rates » and other banking practices, it could certainly be major problems. It is not surprising that the meddle of a scandal can to neutralize it.

A friend told me 15 years ago, « you’ll see, we will be so scared to have cash because of insecurity, we will all magnetic cards for payments. (It is) « Then we will be so embarrassed by all the cards, they will ultimately have an implant with a barcode on the forearm. It will just have to pass a scanner and we know all of us … All these codes will be included in the mainframe called « THE BEAST » in the Bible. « (We do not have barcode implant, but we are already number in the beast …)

To join the society you must be registered. He who will not be, where that form of punishment would be banned, no longer ID, can no longer do business in short, no longer exist …

FICTION?

Only our most valuable assets are our lives and our free will. c.à.d.vivre free to choose what we want and not what we want!

The financial operation:

Currency Banking:

Ex: A merchant submits its recipe of the day at the bank. In exchange, he receives a receipt. The banker said: « Since you have an account with us, instead of taking money, taking checks »

Checks = promise to pay. Very quickly appeared the NSF and checks stolen. Some have claimed that money did not exist. Checks rested a lot of problems … Attempts to remove them.

Since people do walk around with more money in his pocket but with promises to pay, banks therefore propose to continue to lend, and they extend their credits. We are ready for fabulous sums on values that are virtually stored. If tomorrow everyone would find his money in the bank, it would panic, because long ago that the money is gone.

This system continues to operate against all logic. If the system works with huge debts and play money is that money does not at all the magical value attributed to it. He also lends a moral value

We must demystify the money, absolutely … To avoid a new society of rich and poor.

The biggest karmic burden of the West, is to have preached charity and never having practiced.

TIME TO LIVE

Sources: leisure activities, what for? J. Harrington

Conf. L.D Alès and E. DORION

And if there came a time when it will delay retirement to enjoy his time off for a few years?

Many pessimistic, traditionalist, saying: « It is not possible … People will do anything good in their free time … The young people will linger or even worse …  »

Try to be optimistic and look at the program:

• The work was considered a disposition and recreation as a liberation. We become free …

If you looked in the Larousse dictionary definition of the words:

WORK: the Latin Trepalium = instrument of torture!

UNEMPLOYMENT: the Latin Caumare = rest during the heat … We’ll work less: the better we’ll be able to look after us and others. Give more value to the individual « is sold, you sell your knowledge.

· There will be a swinger community structure, a global society that values individual.

Aquarius new ideas:

We’ll demystify money by replacing it with a currency distributive:

A non-currency thésorisable:

– Everyone is entitled to a personal account maintained for life. All will benefit from social production in solidarity. At each bring in more trash, than everyone will be prosperous. The work will no longer be bound to pay but the services rendered. This will be a relationship between parents and children, free exchanges. In this system, income would be a legacy of the usufruct for life.

The machines will manufacture for there to be enough for everybody. If a manufactured product is not purchased, we will stop making it, because it is useless.

We have no further interest in the war, because everyone will be happy.

Robots and machines produce what we need, the computer can handle everything.

We will create an interdependence, first version of love because the word « I love you » means « you cover my needs. »

– You will not know to buy more goods than there is available and you will have no incentive to buy more goods that you will consume.

– You will not know eating more than the volume of your stomach. This will not help to have 3 or 4 houses, because you will not know resale. Why would people buy a house because they would be entitled by birth.

– We will not fly over: because by birth, we will all be over and that since we can not resell it. This currency will no longer be supplied by a bank, so we will not take more interest on it. this investment will be provided by any society.

The right to life for all men.

We’ll get bored do you think? Imagine your days:

How to upgrade to a sedentary society? :

The existence of leisure will play a fundamental role in our daily lives and our future.

What all this time of freedom:

Those inhabited by certain passions, will quickly how to use their days. The others will find a number of possibilities:

– Travelling, excluding neither the time nor the money …

– Soon intergalactic mini trips. (Fiction becomes reality)

– Thanks to the systems movement growing fast, it will be in Nice on the beach in the morning and evening with us …

– Take courses in music, singing, painting, theater,

– All learning in all areas to make us useful in all sectors.

– Exchanging his car against another …

– Exchanging his home city against a campaign to wherever we want to change …

– Helping each other …

– Making the desert green and productive in the world, so there will be room and food enough for everyone …

– Circle the children of love and attention …

– Circle the elderly who are no longer confined to old people’s homes …

– Everyone will bring his qualities, his personality, his knowledge of the profits of others.

– Go listen and see what others are doing: Concerts, etc..

– Read, write, photograph …

– Perform a variety of sports for fun and for windfall gains …

With mountains to climb, oceans to explore, caves to explore, museums to visit, to observe the heavens, do you really think it is nothing to do with our time …?

Completed stress, nervous disorders, jealousy …

It is not unrealistic!

If we go back in history, said some « primitive » has lived almost exactly like that, (but without our fabulous technology to serve), and yet they were happy …